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Authors
Rahmatullah, Rahmatullah
Habibi, Akhmad
Khaeruddin, Khaeruddin
Yaqin, Lalu Nurul
Alharmali, Turki Mesfer
Fauzee, Mohd Sofian Omar
Mahat, Jazihan
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Article History
Received: 9 November 2024
Accepted: 21 July 2025
First Online: 28 July 2025
Declarations
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: The Ethics Committee of the Research Center at Universitas Jambi has waived ethical approval for the study. This decision is based on the study's minimal risk to participants, adherence to ethical standards, and use of anonymized data. The research ensures confidentiality, informed consent, and compliance with institutional guidelines. The waiver allows timely research progress while maintaining transparency, accountability, and alignment with Universitas Jambi's ethical policies.
: Informed Consent was obtained from all the participants involved in the study.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: I declare that the authors have no competing interests as defined by Discover, or other interests that might be perceived to influence the results and/or discussion reported in this paper.
