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Authors
Sadaoui, Naima
Benlaria, Houcine
Almawishir, Naeimah Fahad
Abdelrhman, Balsam Saeed
Ahmed, Sumaya Awad Khader
Zabat, Lotfi
Abdulrahman, Badreldin Mohamed Ahmed
Khedr, Rania Alaa Eldin Ahmed
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Article History
Received: 17 December 2024
Accepted: 22 July 2025
First Online: 28 July 2025
Declarations
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: The study protocol was approved by the Scientific Committee of the Department of Business Administration at Jouf University (meeting 4/2024) in accordance with the department’s research guidelines and regulations. The Informed consent was obtained from all participants in this study. All participants were informed of the study objectives and their right to withdraw at any time.
: Not applicable.
: not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
