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Article History

Received: 30 May 2025

Accepted: 23 July 2025

First Online: 1 August 2025

Declarations

:

: This research was conducted in compliance with the Code of Ethics of the Public Management Innovation Program, Faculty of Liberal Arts, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, which also granted ethical approval for the study. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their involvement. All personal data were anonymized, and the specific locations of participants were not disclosed. The purpose of the study was clearly explained to participants, and their participation was entirely voluntary, with the right to withdraw at any time without consequences.

: All authors have provided their consent for the publication of this manuscript.

: The authors declare no competing interests.