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Authors
Hussien, Lina Fuad https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1996-5038
Alshaketheep, Khaled https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9632-8814
Al-Ahmed, Hind https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5179-8575
Shajrawi, Ahmad https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1367-8238
Alghizzawi, Mahmoud https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9406-4632
Zraqat, Omar https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9165-4277
Deeb, Arafat https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9265-3101
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU-DDRSP2504)
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Article History
Received: 28 March 2025
Accepted: 23 July 2025
First Online: 8 August 2025
Declarations
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: This research was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board “Scientific Research Ethics Committee” at Jerash University, with the approval number JPU-B2024/48, dated 05/04/2024. All participants in the quantitative surveys provided informed consent, and their privacy and confidentiality were strictly maintained.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
