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Article History

Received: 3 May 2025

Accepted: 25 July 2025

First Online: 7 August 2025

Declarations

:

: The study protocol was reviewed and approved by ethics committee of Council for Academic and Scientific Affairs of Hanoi University of Industry in accordance with the institutional guidelines and national ethical standards. The research was conducted following all relevant ethical regulations as set out by the Council for Academic and Scientific Affairs. Informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from all participants prior to data collection. Participants were fully informed about the purpose, content, and voluntary nature of the study. All respondents were adults (over 18 years old).

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

: All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations established by Hanoi University of Industry and the national ethics standards for research involving human participants.