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Article History

Received: 15 May 2025

Accepted: 27 July 2025

First Online: 9 October 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was reviewed and approved by the Gambella University Research Ethics Committee, under reference number 23257/ጋምዩኒ/2014. All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the committee and the Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. Prior to data collection, informed consent was obtained from all participants after explaining the objectives, procedures, potential risks, and benefits of the study. For participants under the age of 16, consent was obtained from their parents or legally authorized representatives.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.