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Authors
Karki, Shyam Kumar
Ghimire, Dipesh Kumar
Takagi, Isao
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Article History
Received: 14 May 2025
Accepted: 25 August 2025
First Online: 9 October 2025
Declarations
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: This study used publicly available secondary data from the World Bank. The data were anonymized prior to public release, and no primary data collection involving human participants was conducted by the authors. Additionally, the principal author obtained permission from the World Bank to use the data for academic purposes on July 25, 2023.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing Interest.
: Not applicable.
