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Authors
Abdulle, Abdikani Yusuf https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7739-439X
Mohamed, Idiris Sid Ali https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5149-1089
Osman, Zakaria Abdo https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1913-8972
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Article History
Received: 13 March 2025
Accepted: 28 August 2025
First Online: 8 October 2025
Declarations
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: This study adhered to ethical guidelines by utilizing only secondary data obtained from publicly available sources. As no human participants were involved, there were no direct ethical concerns related to participant consent or confidentiality. The data sources used were properly cited, and all procedures were in compliance with ethical research standards.
: This study did not involve human participants. The data utilized in this research was secondary in nature, obtained from previously published sources, and did not require direct participation or consent from individuals.
: No Clinical Trial Registration.
: The authors declare that they have no competing financial, professional, or personal interests that could have influenced the work reported in this manuscript.
