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Article History

Received: 13 March 2025

Accepted: 28 August 2025

First Online: 2 September 2025

Declarations

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: This research was ethically approved by Haramaya University, School of Animal Sciences, on October 3, 2022, with reference number AnSc/256/182/2022. The whole research methodology was carried out in conformity with the relevant guidelines and regulations provided by Haramaya University's institutional research ethics committee. The study focuses on dairy cattle producers' perceptions of climate change and variability, as well as adaptation strategies in the context of informed consent from each dairy cattle producer. The dairy cattle producers’ participation in the study was voluntary, and sensitive subjects were addressed with politeness. No personally identifiable information was requested. Before data collection, all dairy cattle producers gave their informed consent. All research findings were anonymized, and dairy cattle producers were guaranteed confidentiality and anonymity throughout the study.

: All authors have agreed to submit the final manuscript for publication.

: The authors declare no competing interests.