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Article History

Received: 1 May 2025

Accepted: 2 September 2025

First Online: 13 October 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards set by Salale University. Ethical clearance and formal approval were obtained from the Research and Community Service Directorate of Salale University prior to the commencement of data collection. Informed consent was obtained from all participants after clearly explaining the purpose, objectives, and procedures of the study in a language they understood. Participation was entirely voluntary, and respondents were assured that their identities would remain anonymous and that all information provided would be kept strictly confidential and used solely for academic purposes. Participants were also informed of their right to withdraw from the study at any stage without any negative consequences. The research posed no harm to participants and adhered to ethical research principles throughout the study process. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.