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Article History

Received: 6 May 2025

Accepted: 4 September 2025

First Online: 30 December 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection. Participation was voluntary, and respondents were assured of anonymity and confidentiality.

: All authors consent to the publication of this manuscript.

: Not applicable.

: This study was conducted in accordance with ethical principles and guidelines for research involving human participants. Ethical approval was obtained from the Lagos State University of Education, with the approval number LSU2435GH. Participants were fully informed about the purpose and scope of the study, and their participation was voluntary. Informed consent was obtained from all participants, ensuring their anonymity and confidentiality. To maintain anonymity, no personally identifiable information was collected at any stage of the research. Responses were gathered through an online survey platform (Google Forms) configured to avoid capturing names, email addresses, or any login information. All submitted data were stored in a secure, encrypted database accessible only to the research team. The study adhered to both national and international ethical standards to protect the rights, safety, and well-being of all participants.