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Authors
Hao, Wu https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9149-452X
Lijing, Liu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7200-9192
Tianxiao, Qu
Hae-young, Kim
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Article History
Received: 21 April 2025
Accepted: 15 September 2025
First Online: 9 October 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval was not required for this study because the study used publicly available data.
: Regarding Participants: Not applicable (as this study used publicly available data and did not involve direct human participants). Regarding Authors: All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript and agree to its publication.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that no third-party material requiring permission is included in this manuscript.
: This study did not involve human participants, animals, or sensitive personal data. All data used were obtained from publicly available databases and company ESG reports. Therefore, ethical approval was not required for this research.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
