Document is current

Article History

Received: 24 June 2025

Accepted: 17 September 2025

First Online: 29 October 2025

Declarations

:

: This study utilized exclusively secondary data from publicly accessible academic databases (Web of Science). No human participants, animal subjects, or confidential datasets were involved. As such, formal ethical review and approval were not required under institutional guidelines. Not applicable. The research did not involve human subjects, clinical trials, or primary data collection from individuals.

: All authors have provided their consent for publication in this journal.

: The authors declare no competing interests.