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Article History

Received: 16 May 2025

Accepted: 18 September 2025

First Online: 17 October 2025

Declarations

:

: The Research Ethical Review Committee (RERC) of Ambo University reviewed and approved the ethical application for this study. Permission and supporting letter were obtained from the Department of Disaster Risk Management and Sustainable Development, Ambo University, Ethiopia, and given to Ejere, Sabata Hawas and Welmera Districts of Oromia, Ethiopia. All the relevant guidelines were followed. Verbal informed consent was sought from the study participants in selected districts, and those gave consent were informed about the study purpose and advised that they could withdraw from participation or refuse to answer any questions they considered irrelevant at any time during the interview. All participants were assured of confidentiality.

: Not Applicable:

: The authors declare no competing interests.