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Article History

Received: 6 May 2025

Accepted: 18 September 2025

First Online: 16 October 2025

Declarations

:

: This research was approved by the Research Ethics Committee, Ministry of Health, Kano State, Nigeria, in accordance with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable.

: A duly informed consent was obtained from the participants to ensure ethical compliance during the data collection process. In the questionnaire, the participants were informed about the purpose of the research. The participation was entirely voluntary; if they chose not to participate, it would not affect them in any way whatsoever. They were told that they can also choose to withdraw from the research at any time. All their responses would solely be used for academic purposes and would be treated with utmost confidentiality. Thus, the identity of the participants would be anonymized. In case of illiterate participants, the information was verbally communicated to them by the enumerators. All the participants were fully aware of the nature and purpose of the research prior to the data collection to ensure ethical compliance and safeguarding their rights.

: The authors declare no competing interests.