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Article History

Received: 22 May 2025

Accepted: 3 October 2025

First Online: 28 November 2025

Declarations

:

: The need for ethical approval was waived off by the Research Ethics Committee of faculty of economics and business, UNIMAS (Universiti Malaysia Sarawak) because it involved anonymous questionnaire with adult participants, didn't collect any personal identifiable or sensitive data. All methods were carried out in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations as approved by the ethics committee mentioned above.

: Participation in this study was entirely voluntary. All participants were provided with clear, written and/or verbal information about the purpose, procedures and benefits of the research. Participants were informed that they could withdraw from the study at any point without any consequences. Written/verbal, informed consent was obtained prior to participation. The researchers ensured that all personal data were kept confidential and used solely for academic and research purposes. No identifying information was collected or published.

: This study does not involve any clinical trial.

: The authors declare no competing interests.