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Article History

Received: 17 August 2025

Accepted: 6 October 2025

First Online: 31 October 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of North Eastern Mindanao State University and was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards and guidelines set by the committee. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their involvement in the study. All data used in this research has been provided voluntarily by participants, who have given informed consent for the use of their data. Participation was voluntary, and all responses were collected anonymously.

: The study does not involve any identifiable personal data, images, videos, or case details of individuals requiring consent for publication. All data were collected anonymously via survey instruments and analyzed in aggregate form. There are no participants whose personal identities or private information are disclosed in this manuscript.

: This research does not involve human interaction, participation or animals.

: The author declares no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have influenced the work reported in this paper.The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.