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Article History

Received: 27 May 2025

Accepted: 6 October 2025

First Online: 26 November 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with the Universiti Malaya Research Ethics Guidelines, and the research protocol was approved by the Universiti Malaya Research Ethics Committee. All participants were aged 18 years or older and provided voluntary, written informed consent prior to data collection. Participants were thoroughly informed about the purpose of the study, their right to withdraw at any point without any consequences, the voluntary nature of their involvement, and the procedures to ensure anonymity and secure storage of their data. The consent process adhered to all applicable institutional and ethical standards for research involving human subjects.

: All authors have provided their consent for publication in this journal.

: The authors declare no competing interests.