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Authors
Mgammal, Mahfoudh Hussein
Misbah, Hisham Mohamed
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Al Jouf University (DGSSR-2023-03-02093)
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Article History
Received: 16 January 2025
Accepted: 7 October 2025
First Online: 23 October 2025
Declarations
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: The data collection and the protocol was approved by Jouf University, Local Committee of Bioethics (LCBE) in accordance with the guidelines of the committee (HAP-13-S-001). Prior to survey commencement, participants received a written information sheet detailing the study’s purpose, objectives, procedures, and data handling. Anonymity was assured, and all data were collected solely for academic research purposes. Participation was entirely voluntary; respondents were informed of their right to decline or withdraw at any time, and informed consent was obtained from all participants.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
