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Article History

Received: 30 January 2025

Accepted: 10 October 2025

First Online: 4 November 2025

Declarations

:

: The research process emphasized mutual learning and benefits between the research team and community participants, consistent with the principles of ethical participation. The community-based geotagging and mapping activities collected only spatial and environmental information without any personal or identifiable data and did not involve human subjects in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. Community collaborators signed the Community Collaborator Consent Form, which outlined the objectives, voluntary participation, non-identifiable data collection, and mutual benefits of the research activities. Informed consent was obtained verbally from all community participants prior to their voluntary participation. All community collaborators voluntarily participated in the data collection and mapping processes. Written consent was obtained through the Community Collaborator Consent Form, and verbal consent was reconfirmed at each meeting and participatory activity.

: Participants who contributed to this research and mapping sessions provided permission for their anonymized images and outputs to be included in the publication. All identifiable faces have been blurred to protect privacy. No personal data are disclosed.

: The authors declare no competing interests.