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Article History

Received: 5 May 2025

Accepted: 10 October 2025

First Online: 10 November 2025

Change Date: 30 January 2026

Change Type: Update

Change Details: The column alignment in table 3 has been corrected.

Declarations

:

: The protocol of this study was reviewed, and formal ethical approval was waived by the Institute of Research and Community Outreach at Petra Christian University, as the research involved non-sensitive survey data and posed no risk to participants. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the committee and the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.

: All participants were informed about the objectives and procedures of this study and voluntarily provided their informed consent prior to participation. Participation was optional, and confidentiality and anonymity of responses were maintained.

: All participants provided consent for the publication of data derived from their responses in anonymized form, without the disclosure of personal identifying information.