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Authors
Lahath, Aishath
Omar, Nor Asiah
Hamid, Siti Ngayesah Ab.
Jannat, Taslima
Ayob, Abu Hanifah
Alam, Syed Shah
Nazri, Muhamad Azrin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia, Prototype Development Research Grant Scheme (PRGS/1/2022/SS05/UKM/01/1)
MPOB-UKM Endowment Chair Grant (MPOB-UKM-2021-012)
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Article History
Received: 23 June 2025
Accepted: 14 October 2025
First Online: 28 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with relevant ethical guidelines and regulations for social science research. The study did not pose any harm to participants. At the time of data collection, ethical approval was not required for non-medical research activities at the researchers’ institution. All participants were adults (18 + years) and participation was entirely voluntary. Participants could withdraw at any time without consequence. All data remains anonymous and is used solely for research purposes. All participants provided informed consent through an online consent process prior to accessing the survey.
: Participants were informed that their anonymised responses would be used in research publications and provided consent to publication as part of their participation.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
