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Authors
Hou, Lidan
Li, Wen
Yang, Mingzhe
Liu, Ran
Liu, Wuxin
Wang, Yi
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Article History
Received: 9 May 2025
Accepted: 14 October 2025
First Online: 5 November 2025
Declarations
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: The researchers obtained an official approval letter from Hebei University of Technology before performing this study. After receiving approval from the IRB (internal review board), the manuscript was critically assessed and authorized by the School of Architecture and Art Design at Hebei University of Technology for study adherence (Ref No: HEBUT20250531).
: We hereby confirm that all methods and procedures employed in this study were conducted in accordance with relevant institutional, national, and international guidelines and regulations.
: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study. Participants signed informed consent regarding publishing their data.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
