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Authors
Akbar, Imanaly
Sergeyeva, Aigul
Nurgaliyeva, Gulshat
Toktaganova, Gulzhas
Baiburiev, Ruslan
Ismailova, Marzhan
Li, Yongkang
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Article History
Received: 2 July 2025
Accepted: 15 October 2025
First Online: 21 November 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval was obtained from the Departmental Ethics Committee for Research Involving Human Subjects at the FACULTY OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY (Reference Number: 11-01-33-652) before the commencement of data collection. Informed consent was also obtained from all respondents, who were assured that their participation in the research was entirely voluntary. The authors confirm that all methods were conducted in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. The surveys and interviews do not collect respondents’ personal information, including their full name, passport details, home address, email address, or telephone number. The study does not involve living natural objects or habitats. Written informed consent from respondents and their legal representatives is not required. Protocol No. 13, from 3 July 2025.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
