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Authors
Akhtar, Naseem
Ismail, Aznan Fazli
Hanafiah, Marlia M.
Fadzil, Syazwani Binti Mohd
Muhammad, Syahidah Akmal
Ahmed, Taskin
Flafel, Hamza Mohamed
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (DIP-2023-016)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (DIP-2023-016)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (DIP-2023-016)
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Article History
Received: 25 March 2025
Accepted: 15 October 2025
First Online: 13 November 2025
Declarations
:
: Not applicable.
: All authors have read and approved this manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
