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Article History

Received: 31 May 2025

Accepted: 5 November 2025

First Online: 2 December 2025

Declarations

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: The author confirmed that all experiments were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations and all procedures performed in this study adhere to ethical standards. The study followed the Declaration of Helsinki (2013) as the ethical guidelines’ framework. The research protocol was reviewed and approved by the Research Ethics Committee at Saudi Electronic University in Saudi Arabia (Date: 19/3/2025, Number: SEUREC-464). This study adhered to ethical guidelines, with voluntary participation and written informed consent obtained from all employees. Participants were informed of the study’s purpose, procedures, risks, and their right to withdraw. Confidentiality was maintained throughout. All participants involved in this study provided their informed consent prior to participation. They were informed about the purpose of the research, the voluntary nature of their participation, their right to withdraw at any time without any consequences, and the measures taken to ensure confidentiality and anonymity. Participation was entirely voluntary, and no incentives were provided that could influence the participants’ decisions to take part in the study. No minors were involved in this study.

: The author affirms that the participants provided their consent for the anonymized findings of this study to be published in academic and scientific outlets. No personal identifying information is included in the publication, ensuring that the privacy and confidentiality of all participants have been maintained throughout the reporting and dissemination of the study findings.

: The authors declare no competing interests.