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Authors
Murendo, Conrad https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-7731
Galagade, Jerome
Mackey, Kevin Paul
Mock, Nancy
Oranga, Beryl
Das, Nishant
Nsengiyumva, Aimable
Ndung’u, Sandra
Ochieng, Donald Otieno
Kimbrough, Suganya
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Direktion für Entwicklung und Zusammenarbeit
European Commission
Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency
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Article History
Received: 3 July 2025
Accepted: 14 November 2025
First Online: 25 November 2025
Declarations
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: The study was performed in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration. The study and survey tools were ethically approved by Ministry of Planning, Investment and Economic Development, Department of Poverty Reduction, Federal Republic of Somalia. Written informed consent was obtained from all study participants and their participation was voluntary. The privacy and confidentiality of study participants was protected. Identifiable information was removed from the dataset for confidentiality. The data was anonymized and securely stored in computers with password protection. The findings are reported in an aggregated form without individual identities. Informed consent to participate was obtained from all participants. No participant was under the age of 16.
: Informed consent to publish was obtained from all participants and authors. The authors agreed to publish their identifying information and affiliation.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
