Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Hamdi, El Asli https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8365-6238
Youness, Madane https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7026-5861
Chakhte, Safae https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2692-4725
Mohamed, Azeroual https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2042-3421
Abderrahim, Ferroud https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1076-483X
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 25 July 2025
Accepted: 21 November 2025
First Online: 29 November 2025
Declarations
:
: Not Applicable.
: Not Applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study employed two software packages for empirical analysis and data management: EViews was used for long-run econometric modeling, while SPSS supported statistical analysis, particularly for graphic illustration of the EKC and PHV-PHH hypotheses.
