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Authors
Wolor, Christian Wiradendi
Hadi, Samsul
Herwanto, Heru Wahyu
Musyaffi, Ayatulloh Michael
Hoo, Wong Chee
Rababah, Mahmoud Ali
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Riset Kolaborasi Indonesia (RKI) program
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Article History
Received: 4 June 2025
Accepted: 21 November 2025
First Online: 26 November 2025
Declarations
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: This research was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the ethics committee of the Institute for Research and Community Service, Universitas Negeri Jakarta. This approval is documented in a decision letter with reference number 323/UN39.14/PT.01.05/IV/2025, dated April 25, 2025.
: Not Applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Informed consent was obtained from all the participants involved in the study. The respondents were reassured that their participation was voluntary, and the study design assured adequate protection of study participants. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.
