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Authors
Khan, Md Tajuddin
Zeeshan, Zeeshan
Gupta, Neha
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Dubai
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Article History
Received: 8 September 2025
Accepted: 21 November 2025
First Online: 5 December 2025
Declarations
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: Not applicable—The study uses publicly available, anonymized data from the World Bank’s World Development Indicators (WDI). Hence, informed consent was not required for this study as it used only publicly available secondary data.
: Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
: Not applicable.
