Handayani, Wiwik
Yaacob, Zulnaidi
Utomo, Septian Sony
Majid, Nurkholish
Mandasari, Virginia
Article History
Received: 11 September 2025
Accepted: 26 November 2025
First Online: 9 December 2025
Declarations
:
: This research was conducted in compliance with ethical guidelines. Necessary approvals were obtained from the local and regional administrations. Prior to their involvement in this study, each participant was given comprehensive information detailing the study’s objectives, methodology, potential risks, and benefits. After this full disclosure, all participants provided written consent affirming their willingness to take part. Participants were assured of confidentiality, as their personal information was kept private.
: All authors have read and approved the final version of this manuscript and consent to its publication in the intended journal.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.