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Authors
Werang, Basilius Redan
Agung, Anak Agung Gede
Wulandari, I Gusti Agung Ayu
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Directorate of Research and Community Service - Ministry of Higher Education, Science, and Technology (361/UN48.16/PT/2025)
Directorate of Research and Community Service - Ministry of Higher Education, Science, and Technology (361/UN48.16/PT/2025)
Directorate of Research and Community Service - Ministry of Higher Education, Science, and Technology (361/UN48.16/PT/2025)
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Article History
Received: 2 September 2025
Accepted: 1 December 2025
First Online: 12 December 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was conducted in strict accordance with the Helsinki Ethical Principles and International Conference of Harmonisation – Good Clinical Practice (ICH-GCP) and was approved by Research Ethics Committee of Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha (Approval Number 144/UN.48.16.04/PT/2025). All participants have given their consent to actively participate in this research.
: Informed consent was obtained from all respondents before beginning the survey to ensure they were willing to participate. All participants were provided with clear information about the purpose, procedures and benefits of the research. Participants were informed that they could withdraw from the study at any point without any consequences.
: This study does not involve any clinical trial.
: Not Applicable.
