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Authors
Al Karim, Rashed
Polas, Mohammad Rashed Hasan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6080-1075
Karim, Ridoan
Mehzabeen, Mahmuda
Islam, A. K. M. Sharul
Falahat, Mohammad
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) Malaysia (FRGS/1/2023/SSI12/MUSM/03/1)
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Article History
Received: 19 August 2025
Accepted: 11 December 2025
First Online: 28 December 2025
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with ethical standards, and ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of East Delta University, Chattogram, Bangladesh. All the relevant guidelines were followed. All participants were informed about the purpose of the research, and informed consent was obtained prior to data collection. Participation was voluntary, and confidentiality of respondents was strictly maintained throughout the research process.
: The authors affirm that all participants provided informed consent for the publication of the research findings in anonymized form. No identifying information of participants is disclosed, and confidentiality was maintained throughout the study. The authors consent to publish this manuscript and its associated data in accordance with the journal’s guidelines.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
