Mansour, Marwan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7166-0063
Saleh, Mohammed W. A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1030-1889
Jaradat, Zaid https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1735-8346
AL-Hawamleh, Ahmad https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0038-7140
Al Zobi, Mo’taz https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4930-3777
Marei, Ahmad https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7976-3013
Funding for this research was provided by:
Middle East University
Article History
Received: 4 August 2025
Accepted: 17 December 2025
First Online: 30 January 2026
Declarations
:
: This study did not involve human participants, animals, or sensitive data requiring ethics approval. We confirm that this manuscript is not a clinical trial and does not involve human participants, patient data, or health-related interventions. Therefore, clinical trial registration is not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests related to this study.