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Authors
Abdullah, Wawan
Tarihoran, Nafan
Supardi, Supardi
Saenong, Farid
Wasehudin, Wasehudin
Syarifuddin, Encep
Fauzi, Anis
Mamur, Ilzamuddin
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Article History
Received: 27 October 2025
Accepted: 29 December 2025
First Online: 21 January 2026
Declarations
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: The protocol of this study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Universitas Negeri Jakarta, under approval number Approval No. 0017/UNJ/I/2025, January 15, 2025, in accordance with the national research ethics guidelines of Indonesia. All procedures were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their involvement in the study. Informed consent was obtained from all participants involved in this study. For participants under the age of 18, consent was obtained from a parent and/or legal guardian
: Not applicable.
: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to declare.
