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Article History

Received: 28 July 2025

Accepted: 1 January 2026

First Online: 26 February 2026

Declarations

:

: Participants in the study have been duly informed of the objectives of the study and the processing of their data and have agreed to the publication of the results based on this data. The informed consent form is attached in Appendix V. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The protocol was developed in accordance with European Union legislation on data protection (Organic Law 3/2018, of December 5, on the Protection of Personal Data and guarantee of digital rights, and to the provisions of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of April 27, 2016, General Data Protection Regulation). The Code of Ethics of the International Sociological Association has also been followed. Approved by the ISA Executive Committee, Fall 2001. Data has been managed in accordance with the guidelines of the GDPR, the Organic Law on Protection of Personal Data and Guarantee of Digital Rights and ethical standards for studies involving digital participation and analysis. The plan is structured around the principles of protection, traceability, minimization, responsible reuse and accessibility. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their involvement in the interviews. Participants were provided with detailed information regarding the purpose of the study, the voluntary nature of their participation, and their right to withdraw at any point without penalty.

: Not applicable. The study does not include any identifiable images or personal data.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Provided information about: Measures to ensure respect for privacy and the confidentiality of personal data: Appropriate measures have been taken to guarantee the complete confidentiality of the personal data of the subjects participating in this study in accordance with the Personal Data Protection Act (LOPD) 3/2018, of 5 December. Measures to access information relevant to you arising from the research or the overall results. Measures taken because this is an anonymized study: “An effective anonymization system has been established that does not allow for the subsequent identification of the subject. Under no circumstances will the consents given, which do identify the subject, be combined with the questionnaires used in the study. In the use of the results of the study for teaching, research and/or publication purposes, the proper anonymization of personal data will always be respected, so that the subjects of the research will not be identified or identifiable.”