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Article History

Received: 2 August 2025

Accepted: 5 January 2026

First Online: 13 January 2026

Declarations

:

: This study did not require formal ethical approval as it did not involve clinical or medical experimentation, and participants were interviewed voluntarily in accordance with institutional guidelines. However, all procedures were conducted in accordance with accepted ethical standards for qualitative research.

: All participants provided informed consent to participate in the study.

: Consent to publish anonymised data and quotes was obtained from all participants. No identifiable personal information has been disclosed in the manuscript.

: The authors declare the following competing interest: Dr. Rubee Singh, a co-author of this manuscript, is serving as a Guest Editor for the special issue “Integration of Industry 4.0 Technologies and Circular Economy: A Forward Step Towards Sustainability” in Discover Sustainability. Apart from this editorial role, the authors declare no other financial or non-financial competing interests that could be perceived to influence the findings, analysis, or conclusions of this study.