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Article History

Received: 22 September 2025

Accepted: 8 January 2026

First Online: 27 January 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study did not involve human participants, human data, or human biological material. It was conducted solely through the analysis of publicly available, aggregated statistical data and remote sensing imagery. Therefore, ethical review and approval by an institutional review board/ethics committee were not required for this study.

: Not applicable. (This study did not involve human participants.)

: Not applicable. (This study did not involve human participants.)