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Article History

Received: 19 November 2025

Accepted: 9 January 2026

First Online: 31 January 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted as part of the medium-scale research project titled “Crop Genetic Wipeout and Seed Disaster in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia: Ways from Disaster to Resilience.” The study was reviewed and approved by the Research and Community Services Directorate of Adigrat University, Ethiopia. All participants were informed about the objectives and procedures of the study prior to data collection. Informed oral consent was obtained from all participants. Participation was voluntary, and respondents were assured of confidentiality and the right to withdraw at any time without consequences.

: All authors have read and approved the final manuscript and consent to its publication. No individual-level identifying information is included in the manuscript.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Not applicable.