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Article History

Received: 19 August 2025

Accepted: 19 January 2026

First Online: 28 February 2026

Declarations

:

: This study involved minimal risk to participants and did not collect any sensitive or personal data. Therefore, approval from an institutional ethics committee was not deemed necessary. Nevertheless, the research adhered to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, complied with COPE guidelines, and followed established ethical standards for research involving human participants. Participants were informed about the purpose of the studies, their rights, and the voluntary nature of participation. Informed consent was obtained at the beginning of each online survey through a dedicated consent question, and only those who provided consent were allowed to proceed. Participants were free to discontinue their participation at any point during the study.

: All participants consented to the use of their anonymized responses for research and publication purposes. Informed consent was obtained from all respondents prior to their participation in both Study 1 and Study 2. All responses were collected voluntarily and have been reported anonymously without any identifying information.

: The authors declare no competing interests.