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Authors
Kurniasih, Dedeh
Triatmanto, Boge
Supriadi, Bambang
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Article History
Received: 24 July 2025
Accepted: 12 January 2026
First Online: 9 February 2026
Declarations
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: The protocol of this study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Universitas Merdeka Malang, under approval number Approval No. 15/UNMER/XII/2024, December 12, 2024, in accordance with the national research ethics guidelines of Indonesia. All procedures were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their involvement in the study. Informed consent was obtained from all participants involved in this study. For participants under the age of 18, consent was obtained from a parent and/or legal guardian.
: Not applicable.
: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to declare.
