Omar, Abukar Mukhtar https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3845-8976
Jama, Ali Abdi
Abdi, Abdirahman Ibrahim https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2935-7510
Article History
Received: 1 March 2025
Accepted: 20 January 2026
First Online: 6 February 2026
Declarations
:
: This study followed ethical research guidelines and received approval from the SIMAD University Research Ethics Board (Approval No: EC000141, dated 29th September 2024). All data collection activities were conducted after this date. All participants provided voluntary written consent after being informed of the study’s purpose, their roles, confidentiality measures, and their right to withdraw at any time.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study followed ethical research guidelines, with approval from SIMAD University Research Ethics Board (Approval No: EC000141, 29th September 2024). All participants provided voluntary written consent after being informed of the study’s purpose, their role, confidentiality measures, and their right to withdraw anytime.
: The authors declare no competing interests.