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Authors
Sojib, Md. Tanjil Hossen https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4747-4460
Islam, Md. Shafiqul https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9030-5951
Islam, Rafatul https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5808-2779
Avi, Md. Ashikur Rahman https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8713-9421
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Article History
Received: 18 August 2025
Accepted: 21 January 2026
First Online: 10 February 2026
Declarations
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: This study obtains ethical approval from the Human Ethics Approval Committee for Research (HEAC) from the Department of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Pabna University of Science and Technology. Therefore, this study follows the institutional ethical guidelines (e.g., voluntary participation, informed consent and transparency, confidentiality and anonymity, right to withdraw, minimal risk, non-deception, data protection, respect and dignity, use limitation and responsible reporting) for social science research of Pabna University of Science and Technology outlined in the HEAC. This study is non-medical that’s why clinical trial number is not applicable.
: All participants in this study provided freely given, informed consent to participate. Participation was voluntary and respondents could withdraw at any time without penalty. All data have been anonymized and have been used just for the study purposes. Participants were adults aged above 18 years, drawn from Bangladesh.
: The study does not include any identifiable images or personal data of participants. Therefore, consent to publish is not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing financial or non-financial interests.
