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Authors
Al-Zu’bi, Mohammad Ahmad Abdelaziz
Sharadgah, Maher Tayseer
Al Shaar, Mohammad Suliman
Alkouri, Zaid
Dawoud, Manal
Al-Mseidin, Kholoud Imhammad Meqbel
Yaakob, Mohd Faiz Mohd
Fauzee, Mohd Sofian Bin Omar
Al-Mawadieh, Reda S. M.
Jdaitawi, Malek
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Article History
Received: 6 July 2025
Accepted: 23 January 2026
First Online: 4 February 2026
Declarations
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: This systematic review and meta-analysis involved only secondary analysis of previously published studies. All included primary studies reported institutional ethical approval and explicitly documented obtaining informed consent from parents or legal guardians of the child participants. As no new data were collected and no participants were directly involved, additional ethical approval was not required. The authors confirm that no generative AI tools (e.g., ChatGPT, Gemini, Claude) were used to compose or draft the narrative of this manuscript; all writing and revisions reflect the authors’ own scholarly work.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
