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Article History

Received: 26 September 2025

Accepted: 28 January 2026

First Online: 10 February 2026

Declarations

:

: This research involved interviews with seven vice rectors from various universities in Indonesia. All participants provided written informed consent to participate in the study. They were informed about the research's objectives, procedures, and the potential use of their data for publication. The research was approved by the Indonesian national research and innovation agency (NRIA) under ethical clearance number: 383/KE.01/SK/06/2023. (Available at ). All research procedures adhered to established ethical guidelines, including the protection of participant privacy and the anonymization of data. Informed written consent was obtained from all participants prior to their participation in the study, as approved in the NRIA ethics clearance (DOI: ). Participants were informed about the research objectives, procedures, and their right to withdraw from the study at any time without any consequences.

: All participants granted consent for the publication of their interview data for research purposes, with the understanding that the data would be anonymized and presented in aggregate form. Participant identities are not disclosed in this publication.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

: Not applicable.