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Authors
Cishibanji, Emmanuel https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4866-9076
Kondowe, Benjamin N.
Makwinja, Rodgers
Nkuba, Bossissi
Sanudi, Felix
Kamanula, John
Damalas, Christos
Chirwa, Elias
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
African Centre of Excellence for Neglected and Underutilized Biodiversity (No. PAD4758)
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Article History
Received: 22 August 2025
Accepted: 1 February 2026
First Online: 15 February 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent amendments. Ethical approval was granted by the Mzuzu University Research Ethics Committee (Approval No. MZUNIREC/DOR/24/121). The study involved voluntary participation, and informed consent was obtained from all participants.
: Not applicable.
: The authors confirm that this manuscript is original, has not been published previously, and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. All co-authors have approved the submission of the manuscript, and the responsible authorities at Mzuzu University have also approved it.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
