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Article History

Received: 26 September 2025

Accepted: 2 February 2026

First Online: 15 March 2026

Declarations

:

: All experimental protocols and research procedures were reviewed and approved by the University of Central Punjab Ethics Committee prior to data collection. The study received formal ethical clearance from the institutional ethics committee.

: All participants provided informed consent for the publication of anonymized data. No personally identifiable information or images of participants are included in this manuscript.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study prior to their participation. Participation was entirely voluntary, and respondents were informed of their right to withdraw from the study at any stage without any consequences.

: Not applicable.

: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant institutional and national guidelines governing research involving human participants.