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Article History

Received: 28 October 2025

Accepted: 2 February 2026

First Online: 14 February 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study involved human participants (employees of banks in the United Arab Emirates) through a questionnaire survey. All research procedures were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations of the Declaration of Helsinki and the ethical standards of social science research. The research protocol, including data collection and consent procedures, was reviewed and approved by the Ethical Review Committee of the Faculty of Management Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan (Approval No.: IUB/FMS/ERC/2025/017).

: Prior to participation, all respondents were informed about the purpose of the study, their right to withdraw at any time, and the confidentiality of their responses. Informed consent was obtained from all participants before completing the questionnaire. No minors or vulnerable individuals were included in the study.

: Not applicable.

: not applicable.