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Authors
Mbunda, Kastory A. https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5788-4285
Ndunguru, Fredy E. https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8556-7489
Utonga, Dickson https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9037-2825
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Article History
Received: 25 August 2025
Accepted: 4 February 2026
First Online: 14 February 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the Ethics Committee of the Mwalimu Nyerere Memorial Academy, Tanzania, and the Nyasa District Council, Tanzania. The committee approved the data collection method. All procedures were designed to ensure accuracy, transparency and replicability.
: All participants provided informed written consent and voluntarily participated in the study. They were assured that their involvement was entirely voluntary and that they could withdraw at any time without consequences.
: Written informed consent for publication was obtained from all participants prior to data collection. Participants were informed that anonymized data, including quotations, would be used in academic publications. No identifying information is included in this manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
