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Article History

Received: 17 July 2025

Accepted: 11 February 2026

First Online: 16 March 2026

Declarations

:

: This study involved original research with human participants through structured interviews and surveys. The research protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa (Approval No: 21/Untirta/XI/2024, Approval Date: 25 November 2024), in accordance with the institutional and national ethical guidelines and regulations. All participants were fully informed about the objectives and procedures of the study. Informed consent to participate was obtained from all individuals involved in the research prior to data collection. For participants under the age of 18, informed consent was obtained from their parent and/or legal guardian. All methods used in this study were carried out in accordance with the ethical standards and relevant guidelines and regulations as stipulated by the approving ethics committee and in line with the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

: Not applicable.